Comprehensive Review of Facial Asymmetry: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies

Authors

Hiba Ammar Yahya, Researcher, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad/IraqFollow
Sara M. Al-Mashhadany, Assist. Prof., Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad/IraqFollow

Article Type

Review

Abstract

A certain degree of facial asymmetry is not only a normal biological variation but can also contribute positively to perceived beauty. However, delineating the precise boundary between ‘normal’ asymmetry and ‘abnormal’ asymmetry, the latter necessitating clinical intervention, remains a complex and subjective endeavor. Minor facial asymmetry is commonly observed even in individuals with aesthetically attractive faces, typically remaining indiscernible and thus not requiring any treatment. The determination of when ‘normal’ asymmetry transitions into ‘abnormal’ is frequently influenced by clinician’s aesthetic judgment and, critically, the patient’s perception of imbalance. The perceived abnormality of facial asymmetry is, therefore, highly dependent on individual perception. This review aimed to summarize etiologies, diagnostic modalities, and treatment for facial asymmetry to achieve harmonious and satisfactory results for both the patient and the clinician.

Keywords

Facial asymmetry, Mandibular displacement, Orthognathic surgery

Recommended Citation

Yahya, Hiba Ammar and Al-Mashhadany, Sara M. (2025) "Comprehensive Review of Facial Asymmetry: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies," Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences: Vol. 6: Iss. 10, Article 17.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70080/2790-7937.1071