The Influence of Coloring Liquids on the Flexural Strength of Monolithic Zirconia

Authors

• Ali Ibrahim Naser, Department of Prosthetic Dental Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, IraqFollow
• Nidhal Sahib Mansoor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, IraqFollow

Article Type

Review

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review investigates the impact of coloring liquids and methods of application on the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia. Methods: a comprehensive search was carried out in PubMed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, and Scopus without any limitations based on the year of publication, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria consisted of the studies with reported in vitro experiments that focused on the effects of the coloring liquid on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the zirconia. Systematic reviews, case reports, narrative reviews, post-sintering staining studies, and research on pre-shaded zirconia were among the papers excluded. Results: A total of 14 articles that matched the inclusion criteria were found. The results showed that which of the coloring liquid influenced the flexural strength and microstructure of zirconia is inconsistent and contradictory results. Mentioned as the main reason for this result, the interaction of multiple factors, including the chemical structure of coloring solutions, its concentration, application parameters, and the type of zirconia core. In conclusion, the addition of coloring agents in general leads to a decrease in monolithic zirconia's flexural strength, but the degree of reduction is largely dependent on specific conditions. Clinicians and technicians should follow the manufacturer's instructions precisely, including the immersion time, mostly while using high-translucency zirconia to preserve aesthetics without altering mechanical properties and should carefully utilize. Understanding these material interactions at a deeper level is of highest importance for the improvement of the longevity of dental prosthetics, which in turn supports the search for sustainable healthcare through the reduction of re-treatment and the saving of resources.

Keywords

Coloring liquids, Dental materials, Flexural strength, Mechanical properties, Monolithic Zirconia, Systematic review

Recommended Citation

Naser, Ali Ibrahim and Mansoor, Nidhal Sahib (2026) "The Influence of Coloring Liquids on the Flexural Strength of Monolithic Zirconia," Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences: Vol. 7: Iss. 11, Article 19.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70080/2790-7937.1090